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Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources

A guide to primary, secondary, and tertiary sources and resources available at the library.

Primary Sources

What is a Primary Source?

A primary source is an item that was made or written during the time an event took place. Primary sources serve as first-hand accounts of historical events. 

Examples of Primary Sources

  • Diary 
  • Manuscript
  • Letter
  • Newspaper 
  • Recording
  • Photograph
  • Artwork

Source: Library of Congress: What is a primary source?

Secondary Sources

What is a Secondary Source?

Secondary sources are items that were written or created after an event had taken place. They are second-hand accounts of events. 

Examples of Secondary Sources

  • Textbooks
  • Articles
  • Scholarly interpretations
  • Documentary

Source: Library of Congress: What is a primary source?

Tertiary Sources

What is a Tertiary Source?

A tertiary source is one that provides a general overview of information, without an analysis or interpretation. 

Examples of Tertiary Sources

  • Encyclopedia
  • Dictionary
  • Database
  • Bibliography

Source: Tertiary Sources Explained